Question 1

What are the Five Virtues of Jade?

Accepted Answer

They are Ren (仁), benevolence; Yi (义), righteousness; Zhi (智), wisdom; Yong (勇), courage; and Jie (洁), purity of character. Xu Shen’s Shuowen Jiezi connects each with a quality of jade used as an image of cultivated character.

Question 2

Did Confucius name exactly five jade virtues?

Accepted Answer

The Liji’s Pin Yi chapter records a dialogue attributed to Confucius with a longer set commonly counted as eleven qualities. The specific Ren, Yi, Zhi, Yong, and Jie list belongs to Xu Shen’s Shuowen Jiezi.

Question 3

What does “the junzi models virtue on jade” mean?

Accepted Answer

It means taking jade’s admired qualities as images of good character: gentleness, openness, clear understanding, courage, and integrity. A jade object can accompany the daily practice of learning, keeping commitments, and treating people well.

Question 4

Are jade’s five virtues the same as the Five Constants?

Accepted Answer

No. Both include Ren, Yi, and Zhi. Jade’s five virtues also include Yong and Jie, while the Five Constants include Li (礼), ritual propriety, and Xin (信), trustworthiness.

Question 5

Why is wisdom connected with the sound of jade?

Accepted Answer

Xu Shen uses a clear, far-reaching tone as the image for Zhi. It suggests understanding that reaches and benefits others. Historical pendants and musical objects provide the setting for this comparison; striking a personal jade piece risks damaging it.

Question 6

Does Jie mean that the jade must be white or flawless?

Accepted Answer

Jie concerns integrity and purity of intention. Jade of many colors can carry this wish. Its moral meaning is separate from color, translucency, and the natural features of an individual stone.

Question 7

What can I write with a jade gift?

Accepted Answer

Choose words that connect the virtues with your shared story: “May you meet each new day with a kind heart, clear understanding, and steady courage. Wishing you peace and fulfillment—平安如意.” A personal memory makes the blessing especially meaningful.

Five Virtues of Jade

Five Virtues of Jade: Ren, Yi, Zhi, Yong, and Jie Explained

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